Life Cycle Air Quality Impacts of Conventional and Alternative Light-duty Transportation in the United States

This research paper evaluates the air quality-related human health impacts of 10 alternative fuel and fuel economy options, including the use of liquid biofuels, diesel, and compressed natural gas (CNG) in internal combustion engines; the use of electricity from a range of conventional and renewable sources to power electric vehicles (EVs); and the use of hybrid EV technology.